Ulangan 4:16
Konteks4:16 I say this 1 so you will not corrupt yourselves by making an image in the form of any kind of figure. This includes the likeness of a human male or female,
Ulangan 4:25
Konteks4:25 After you have produced children and grandchildren and have been in the land a long time, 2 if you become corrupt and make an image of any kind 3 and do other evil things before the Lord your God that enrage him, 4
Ulangan 9:1-29
Konteks9:1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with extremely high fortifications. 5 9:2 They include the Anakites, 6 a numerous 7 and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?” 9:3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he 8 has told you. 9:4 Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you. 9:5 It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, 9 that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he 10 made on oath to your ancestors, 11 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 9:6 Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn 12 people!
9:7 Remember – don’t ever forget 13 – how you provoked the Lord your God in the desert; from the time you left the land of Egypt until you came to this place you were constantly rebelling against him. 14 9:8 At Horeb you provoked him and he was angry enough with you to destroy you. 9:9 When I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant that the Lord made with you, I remained there 15 forty days and nights, eating and drinking nothing. 9:10 The Lord gave me the two stone tablets, written by the very finger 16 of God, and on them was everything 17 he 18 said to you at the mountain from the midst of the fire at the time of that assembly. 9:11 Now at the end of the forty days and nights the Lord presented me with the two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. 9:12 And he said to me, “Get up, go down at once from here because your people whom you brought out of Egypt have sinned! They have quickly turned from the way I commanded them and have made for themselves a cast metal image.” 19 9:13 Moreover, he said to me, “I have taken note of these people; they are a stubborn 20 lot! 9:14 Stand aside 21 and I will destroy them, obliterating their very name from memory, 22 and I will make you into a stronger and more numerous nation than they are.”
9:15 So I turned and went down the mountain while it 23 was blazing with fire; the two tablets of the covenant were in my hands. 9:16 When I looked, you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God and had cast for yourselves a metal calf; 24 you had quickly turned aside from the way he 25 had commanded you! 9:17 I grabbed the two tablets, threw them down, 26 and shattered them before your very eyes. 9:18 Then I again fell down before the Lord for forty days and nights; I ate and drank nothing because of all the sin you had committed, doing such evil before the Lord as to enrage him. 9:19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger 27 that threatened to destroy you. But he 28 listened to me this time as well. 9:20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him 29 too. 9:21 As for your sinful thing 30 that you had made, the calf, I took it, melted it down, 31 ground it up until it was as fine as dust, and tossed the dust into the stream that flows down the mountain. 9:22 Moreover, you continued to provoke the Lord at Taberah, 32 Massah, 33 and Kibroth-Hattaavah. 34 9:23 And when he 35 sent you from Kadesh-Barnea and told you, “Go up and possess the land I have given you,” you rebelled against the Lord your God 36 and would neither believe nor obey him. 9:24 You have been rebelling against him 37 from the very first day I knew you!
9:25 I lay flat on the ground before the Lord for forty days and nights, 38 for he 39 had said he would destroy you. 9:26 I prayed to him: 40 O, Lord God, 41 do not destroy your people, your valued property 42 that you have powerfully redeemed, 43 whom you brought out of Egypt by your strength. 44 9:27 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; ignore the stubbornness, wickedness, and sin of these people. 9:28 Otherwise the people of the land 45 from which you brought us will say, “The Lord was unable to bring them to the land he promised them, and because of his hatred for them he has brought them out to kill them in the desert.” 46 9:29 They are your people, your valued property, 47 whom you brought out with great strength and power. 48
Ulangan 12:1-32
Konteks12:1 These are the statutes and ordinances you must be careful to obey as long as you live in the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, 49 has given you to possess. 50 12:2 You must by all means destroy 51 all the places where the nations you are about to dispossess worship their gods – on the high mountains and hills and under every leafy tree. 52 12:3 You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, 53 burn up their sacred Asherah poles, 54 and cut down the images of their gods; you must eliminate their very memory from that place. 12:4 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they worship. 12:5 But you must seek only the place he 55 chooses from all your tribes to establish his name as his place of residence, 56 and you must go there. 12:6 And there you must take your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, 57 your votive offerings, your freewill offerings, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks. 12:7 Both you and your families 58 must feast there before the Lord your God and rejoice in all the output of your labor with which he 59 has blessed you. 12:8 You must not do like we are doing here today, with everyone 60 doing what seems best to him, 12:9 for you have not yet come to the final stop 61 and inheritance the Lord your God is giving you. 12:10 When you do go across the Jordan River 62 and settle in the land he 63 is granting you as an inheritance and you find relief from all the enemies who surround you, you will live in safety. 64 12:11 Then you must come to the place the Lord your God chooses for his name to reside, bringing 65 everything I am commanding you – your burnt offerings, sacrifices, tithes, the personal offerings you have prepared, 66 and all your choice votive offerings which you devote to him. 67 12:12 You shall rejoice in the presence of the Lord your God, along with your sons, daughters, male and female servants, and the Levites in your villages 68 (since they have no allotment or inheritance with you). 69 12:13 Make sure you do not offer burnt offerings in any place you wish, 12:14 for you may do so 70 only in the place the Lord chooses in one of your tribal areas – there you may do everything I am commanding you. 71
12:15 On the other hand, you may slaughter and eat meat as you please when the Lord your God blesses you 72 in all your villages. 73 Both the ritually pure and impure may eat it, whether it is a gazelle or an ibex. 12:16 However, you must not eat blood – pour it out on the ground like water. 12:17 You will not be allowed to eat in your villages your tithe of grain, new wine, olive oil, the firstborn of your herd and flock, any votive offerings you have vowed, or your freewill and personal offerings. 12:18 Only in the presence of the Lord your God may you eat these, in the place he 74 chooses. This applies to you, your son, your daughter, your male and female servants, and the Levites 75 in your villages. In that place you will rejoice before the Lord your God in all the output of your labor. 76 12:19 Be careful not to overlook the Levites as long as you live in the land.
12:20 When the Lord your God extends your borders as he said he would do and you say, “I want to eat meat just as I please,” 77 you may do so as you wish. 78 12:21 If the place he 79 chooses to locate his name is too far for you, you may slaughter any of your herd and flock he 80 has given you just as I have stipulated; you may eat them in your villages 81 just as you wish. 12:22 Like you eat the gazelle or ibex, so you may eat these; the ritually impure and pure alike may eat them. 12:23 However, by no means eat the blood, for the blood is life itself 82 – you must not eat the life with the meat! 12:24 You must not eat it! You must pour it out on the ground like water. 12:25 You must not eat it so that it may go well with you and your children after you; you will be doing what is right in the Lord’s sight. 83 12:26 Only the holy things and votive offerings that belong to you, you must pick up and take to the place the Lord will choose. 84 12:27 You must offer your burnt offerings, both meat and blood, on the altar of the Lord your God; the blood of your other sacrifices 85 you must pour out on his 86 altar while you eat the meat. 12:28 Pay careful attention to all these things I am commanding you so that it may always go well with you and your children after you when you do what is good and right in the sight of the Lord your God.
12:29 When the Lord your God eliminates the nations from the place where you are headed and you dispossess them, you will settle down in their land. 87 12:30 After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not pursue their gods and say, “How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.” 12:31 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they do! 88 For everything that is abhorrent 89 to him, 90 everything he hates, they have done when worshiping their gods. They even burn up their sons and daughters before their gods!
12:32 (13:1) 91 You 92 must be careful to do everything I am commanding you. Do not add to it or subtract from it! 93
Ulangan 31:29
Konteks31:29 For I know that after I die you will totally 94 corrupt yourselves and turn away from the path I have commanded you to walk. Disaster will confront you in the days to come because you will act wickedly 95 before the Lord, inciting him to anger because of your actions.” 96
[4:16] 1 tn The words “I say this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 16 is subordinated to “Be careful” in v. 15, but this makes for an unduly long sentence in English.
[4:25] 2 tn Heb “have grown old in the land,” i.e., been there for a long time.
[4:25] 3 tn Heb “a form of anything.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, TEV “an idol.”
[4:25] 4 tn The infinitive construct is understood here as indicating the result, not the intention, of their actions.
[9:1] 5 tn Heb “fortified to the heavens” (so NRSV); NLT “cities with walls that reach to the sky.” This is hyperbole.
[9:2] 6 sn Anakites. See note on this term in Deut 1:28.
[9:2] 7 tn Heb “great and tall.” Many English versions understand this to refer to physical size or strength rather than numbers (cf. “strong,” NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT).
[9:3] 8 tn Heb “the
[9:5] 9 tn Heb “uprightness of your heart” (so NASB, NRSV). The Hebrew word צְדָקָה (tsÿdaqah, “righteousness”), though essentially synonymous here with יֹשֶׁר (yosher, “uprightness”), carries the idea of conformity to an objective standard. The term יֹשֶׁר has more to do with an inner, moral quality (cf. NAB, NIV “integrity”). Neither, however, was grounds for the
[9:5] 10 tn Heb “the
[9:6] 12 tn Heb “stiff-necked” (so KJV, NAB, NIV).
[9:6] sn The Hebrew word translated stubborn means “stiff-necked.” The image is that of a draft animal that is unsubmissive to the rein or yoke and refuses to bend its neck to draw the load. This is an apt description of OT Israel (Exod 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9; Deut 9:13).
[9:7] 13 tn By juxtaposing the positive זְכֹר (zekhor, “remember”) with the negative אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח (’al-tishÿkakh, “do not forget”), Moses makes a most emphatic plea.
[9:7] 14 tn Heb “the
[9:9] 15 tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[9:10] 16 sn The very finger of God. This is a double figure of speech (1) in which God is ascribed human features (anthropomorphism) and (2) in which a part stands for the whole (synecdoche). That is, God, as Spirit, has no literal finger nor, if he had, would he write with his finger. Rather, the sense is that God himself – not Moses in any way – was responsible for the composition of the Ten Commandments (cf. Exod 31:18; 32:16; 34:1).
[9:10] 17 tn Heb “according to all the words.”
[9:10] 18 tn Heb “the
[9:12] 19 tc Heb “a casting.” The MT reads מַסֵּכָה (massekhah, “a cast thing”) but some
[9:13] 20 tn Heb “stiff-necked.” See note on the word “stubborn” in 9:6.
[9:14] 21 tn Heb “leave me alone.”
[9:14] 22 tn Heb “from under heaven.”
[9:15] 23 tn Heb “the mountain.” The translation uses a pronoun for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
[9:16] 24 tn On the phrase “metal calf,” see note on the term “metal image” in v. 12.
[9:16] 25 tn Heb “the
[9:17] 26 tn The Hebrew text includes “from upon my two hands,” but as this seems somewhat obvious and redundant, it has been left untranslated for stylistic reasons.
[9:19] 27 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).
[9:19] 28 tn Heb “the
[9:20] 29 tn Heb “Aaron.” The pronoun is used in the translation to avoid redundancy.
[9:21] 30 tn Heb “your sin.” This is a metonymy in which the effect (sin) stands for the cause (the metal calf).
[9:21] 31 tn Heb “burned it with fire.”
[9:22] 32 sn Taberah. By popular etymology this derives from the Hebrew verb בָעַר (ba’ar, “to burn”), thus, here, “burning.” The reference is to the
[9:22] 33 sn Massah. See note on this term in Deut 6:16.
[9:22] 34 sn Kibroth-Hattaavah. This place name means in Hebrew “burial places of appetite,” that is, graves that resulted from overindulgence. The reference is to the Israelites stuffing themselves with the quail God had provided and doing so with thanklessness (Num 11:31-35).
[9:23] 35 tn Heb “the
[9:23] 36 tn Heb “the mouth of the Lord your God,” that is, against the commandment that he had spoken.
[9:24] 37 tn Heb “the
[9:25] 38 tn The Hebrew text includes “when I prostrated myself.” Since this is redundant, it has been left untranslated.
[9:25] 39 tn Heb “the
[9:26] 40 tn Heb “the
[9:26] 41 tn Heb “Lord
[9:26] 42 tn Heb “your inheritance”; NLT “your special (very own NRSV) possession.” Israel is compared to landed property that one would inherit from his ancestors and pass on to his descendants.
[9:26] 43 tn Heb “you have redeemed in your greatness.”
[9:26] 44 tn Heb “by your strong hand.”
[9:28] 45 tc The MT reads only “the land.” Smr supplies עַם (’am, “people”) and LXX and its dependents supply “the inhabitants of the land.” The truncated form found in the MT is adequate to communicate the intended meaning; the words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
[9:28] 46 tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
[9:29] 47 tn Heb “your inheritance.” See note at v. 26.
[9:29] 48 tn Heb “an outstretched arm.”
[12:1] 50 tn Heb “you must be careful to obey in the land the
[12:2] 51 tn Heb “destroying you must destroy”; KJV “Ye shall utterly (surely ASV) destroy”; NRSV “must demolish completely.” The Hebrew infinitive absolute precedes the verb for emphasis, which is reflected in the translation by the words “by all means.”
[12:2] 52 sn Every leafy tree. This expression refers to evergreens which, because they keep their foliage throughout the year, provided apt symbolism for nature cults such as those practiced in Canaan. The deity particularly in view is Asherah, wife of the great god El, who was considered the goddess of fertility and whose worship frequently took place at shrines near or among clusters (groves) of such trees (see also Deut 7:5). See J. Hadley, NIDOTTE 1:569-70; J. DeMoor, TDOT 1:438-44.
[12:3] 53 sn Sacred pillars. These are the stelae (stone pillars; the Hebrew term is מַצֵּבֹת, matsevot) associated with Baal worship, perhaps to mark a spot hallowed by an alleged visitation of the gods. See also Deut 7:5.
[12:3] 54 sn Sacred Asherah poles. The Hebrew term (plural) is אֲשֵׁרִים (’asherim). See note on the word “(leafy) tree” in v. 2, and also Deut 7:5.
[12:5] 55 tn Heb “the
[12:5] 56 tc Some scholars, on the basis of v. 11, emend the MT reading שִׁכְנוֹ (shikhno, “his residence”) to the infinitive construct לְשָׁכֵן (lÿshakhen, “to make [his name] to dwell”), perhaps with the 3rd person masculine singular sf לְשַׁכְּנוֹ (lÿshakÿno, “to cause it to dwell”). Though the presupposed nounשֵׁכֶן (shekhen) is nowhere else attested, the parallel here with שַׁמָּה (shammah, “there”) favors retaining the MT as it stands.
[12:6] 57 tn Heb “heave offerings of your hand.”
[12:7] 58 tn Heb “and your houses,” referring to entire households. The pronouns “you” and “your” are plural in the Hebrew text.
[12:7] 59 tn Heb “the
[12:10] 62 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[12:10] 63 tn Heb “the
[12:10] 64 tn In the Hebrew text vv. 10-11 are one long, complex sentence. For stylistic reasons the translation divides this into two sentences.
[12:11] 65 tn Heb “and it will be (to) the place where the Lord your God chooses to cause his name to dwell you will bring.”
[12:11] 66 tn Heb “heave offerings of your hand.”
[12:11] 67 tn Heb “the
[12:12] 68 tn Heb “within your gates” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “who belongs to your community.”
[12:12] 69 sn They have no allotment or inheritance with you. See note on the word “inheritance” in Deut 10:9.
[12:14] 70 tn Heb “offer burnt offerings.” The expression “do so” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
[12:14] 71 sn This injunction to worship in a single and central sanctuary – one limited and appropriate to the thrice-annual festival celebrations (see Exod 23:14-17; 34:22-24; Lev 23:4-36; Deut 16:16-17) – marks a departure from previous times when worship was carried out at local shrines (cf. Gen 8:20; 12:7; 13:18; 22:9; 26:25; 35:1, 3, 7; Exod 17:15). Apart from the corporate worship of the whole theocratic community, however, worship at local altars would still be permitted as in the past (Deut 16:21; Judg 6:24-27; 13:19-20; 1 Sam 7:17; 10:5, 13; 2 Sam 24:18-25; 1 Kgs 18:30).
[12:15] 72 tn Heb “only in all the desire of your soul you may sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given to you.”
[12:15] 73 tn Heb “gates” (so KJV, NASB; likewise in vv. 17, 18).
[12:18] 74 tn Heb “the
[12:18] 75 tn See note at Deut 12:12.
[12:18] 76 tn Heb “in all the sending forth of your hands.”
[12:20] 77 tn Heb “for my soul desires to eat meat.”
[12:20] 78 tn Heb “according to all the desire of your soul you may eat meat.”
[12:21] 79 tn Heb “the
[12:21] 80 tn Heb “the
[12:21] 81 tn Heb “gates” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “in your own community.”
[12:23] 82 sn The blood is life itself. This is a figure of speech (metonymy) in which the cause or means (the blood) stands for the result or effect (life). That is, life depends upon the existence and circulation of blood, a truth known empirically but not scientifically tested and proved until the 17th century
[12:25] 83 tc Heb “in the eyes of the
[12:26] 84 tc Again, to complete a commonly attested wording the LXX adds after “choose” the phrase “to place his name there.” This shows insensitivity to deliberate departures from literary stereotypes. The MT reading is to be preferred.
[12:27] 85 sn These other sacrifices would be so-called peace or fellowship offerings whose ritual required a different use of the blood from that of burnt (sin and trespass) offerings (cf. Lev 3; 7:11-14, 19-21).
[12:27] 86 tn Heb “on the altar of the
[12:29] 87 tn Heb “dwell in their land” (so NASB). In the Hebrew text vv. 29-30 are one long sentence. For stylistic reasons the translation divides it into two.
[12:31] 88 tn Heb “you must not do thus to/for the
[12:31] 89 tn See note on this term at Deut 7:25.
[12:31] 90 tn Heb “every abomination of the
[12:32] 91 sn Beginning with 12:32, the verse numbers through 13:18 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 12:32 ET = 13:1 HT, 13:1 ET = 13:2 HT, 13:2 ET = 13:3 HT, etc., through 13:18 ET = 13:19 HT. With 14:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
[12:32] 92 tn This verse highlights a phenomenon found throughout Deuteronomy, but most especially in chap. 12, namely, the alternation of grammatical singular and plural forms of the pronoun (known as Numeruswechsel in German scholarship). Critical scholarship in general resolves the “problem” by suggesting varying literary traditions – one favorable to the singular pronoun and the other to the plural – which appear in the (obviously rough) redacted text at hand. Even the ancient versions were troubled by the lack of harmony of grammatical number and in this verse, for example, offered a number of alternate readings. The MT reads “Everything I am commanding you (plural) you (plural) must be careful to do; you (singular) must not add to it nor should you (singular) subtract form it.” Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate suggest singular for the first two pronouns but a few Smr
[12:32] 93 sn Do not add to it or subtract from it. This prohibition makes at least two profound theological points: (1) This work by Moses is of divine origination (i.e., it is inspired) and therefore can tolerate no human alteration; and (2) the work is complete as it stands (i.e., it is canonical).
[31:29] 94 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “totally.”
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